Transparent methodology

The public sources behind our local market analysis

Every market read we produce is traceable. For each U.S. state we consult the official business registry, tax authority, licensing bodies and economic development agency — combined with federal economic data — to build the KPIs behind a venture's Local Market Score.

Federal datasets

National baselines used for benchmarking, industry density and comparables.

State-level public sources

51 jurisdictions — registry, tax, licensing and economic development.

AL

Alabama

South
Business registry
Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
Alabama Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Alabama Licensing Board / county probate offices
Economic development
Alabama Department of Commerce
Corp tax 6.5%Sales tax 4%LLC fee $200
Official state portal
AK

Alaska

West
Business registry
Dept. of Commerce — Corporations, Business & Professional Licensing
Tax authority
Alaska Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Division of Corporations, Business & Professional Licensing
Economic development
Alaska Industrial Development & Export Authority
Corp tax 9.4%Sales tax 0%LLC fee $250
Official state portal
AZ

Arizona

West
Business registry
Arizona Corporation Commission
Tax authority
Arizona Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Arizona Registrar of Contractors / state boards
Economic development
Arizona Commerce Authority
Corp tax 4.9%Sales tax 5.6%LLC fee $50
Official state portal
AR

Arkansas

South
Business registry
Secretary of State — Business & Commercial Services
Tax authority
Arkansas Dept. of Finance & Administration
Licensing & permits
Arkansas state licensing boards
Economic development
Arkansas Economic Development Commission
Corp tax 4.3%Sales tax 6.5%LLC fee $45
Official state portal
CA

California

West
Business registry
California Secretary of State — Business Programs
Tax authority
Franchise Tax Board / CDTFA
Licensing & permits
Dept. of Consumer Affairs / CalGold permit portal
Economic development
GO-Biz (Governor's Office of Business & Economic Development)
Corp tax 8.84%Sales tax 7.25%LLC fee $70
Official state portal
CO

Colorado

West
Business registry
Colorado Secretary of State — Business Database
Tax authority
Colorado Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Dept. of Regulatory Agencies (DORA)
Economic development
Colorado Office of Economic Development & International Trade
Corp tax 4.4%Sales tax 2.9%LLC fee $50
Official state portal
CT

Connecticut

Northeast
Business registry
Secretary of the State — Business Services
Tax authority
Connecticut Dept. of Revenue Services
Licensing & permits
Dept. of Consumer Protection — eLicense
Economic development
Connecticut Dept. of Economic & Community Development
Corp tax 7.5%Sales tax 6.35%LLC fee $120
Official state portal
DE

Delaware

South
Business registry
Delaware Division of Corporations
Tax authority
Delaware Division of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Division of Professional Regulation
Economic development
Delaware Prosperity Partnership
Corp tax 8.7%Sales tax 0%LLC fee $90
Official state portal
DC

District of Columbia

South
Business registry
DCRA / DLCP — Corporate Registration
Tax authority
DC Office of Tax and Revenue
Licensing & permits
Dept. of Licensing & Consumer Protection
Economic development
DC Office of the Deputy Mayor for Planning & Economic Development
Corp tax 8.25%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $99
Official state portal
FL

Florida

South
Business registry
Florida Division of Corporations (Sunbiz)
Tax authority
Florida Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Dept. of Business & Professional Regulation
Economic development
FloridaCommerce
Corp tax 5.5%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $125
Official state portal
GA

Georgia

South
Business registry
Georgia Secretary of State — Corporations Division
Tax authority
Georgia Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Georgia Professional Licensing Boards
Economic development
Georgia Department of Economic Development
Corp tax 5.39%Sales tax 4%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
HI

Hawaii

West
Business registry
DCCA — Business Registration Division
Tax authority
Hawaii Department of Taxation
Licensing & permits
DCCA — Professional & Vocational Licensing
Economic development
Dept. of Business, Economic Development & Tourism
Corp tax 6.4%Sales tax 4%LLC fee $50
Official state portal
ID

Idaho

West
Business registry
Idaho Secretary of State — Business Entities
Tax authority
Idaho State Tax Commission
Licensing & permits
Idaho Division of Occupational & Professional Licenses
Economic development
Idaho Department of Commerce
Corp tax 5.695%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
IL

Illinois

Midwest
Business registry
Illinois Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
Illinois Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Dept. of Financial & Professional Regulation
Economic development
Illinois Dept. of Commerce & Economic Opportunity
Corp tax 9.5%Sales tax 6.25%LLC fee $150
Official state portal
IN

Indiana

Midwest
Business registry
Indiana Secretary of State — INBiz
Tax authority
Indiana Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Indiana Professional Licensing Agency
Economic development
Indiana Economic Development Corporation
Corp tax 4.9%Sales tax 7%LLC fee $95
Official state portal
IA

Iowa

Midwest
Business registry
Iowa Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
Iowa Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Iowa Professional Licensing Bureau
Economic development
Iowa Economic Development Authority
Corp tax 7.1%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $50
Official state portal
KS

Kansas

Midwest
Business registry
Kansas Secretary of State — Business Filing Center
Tax authority
Kansas Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Kansas licensing boards / KsBiz
Economic development
Kansas Department of Commerce
Corp tax 6.5%Sales tax 6.5%LLC fee $160
Official state portal
KY

Kentucky

South
Business registry
Kentucky Secretary of State — One Stop Business Portal
Tax authority
Kentucky Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Kentucky Boards & Commissions
Economic development
Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development
Corp tax 5%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $40
Official state portal
LA

Louisiana

South
Business registry
Louisiana Secretary of State — geauxBIZ
Tax authority
Louisiana Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Louisiana professional licensing boards
Economic development
Louisiana Economic Development
Corp tax 7.5%Sales tax 4.45%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
ME

Maine

Northeast
Business registry
Maine Secretary of State — Corporations Division
Tax authority
Maine Revenue Services
Licensing & permits
Office of Professional & Occupational Regulation
Economic development
Maine Dept. of Economic & Community Development
Corp tax 8.93%Sales tax 5.5%LLC fee $175
Official state portal
MD

Maryland

South
Business registry
State Dept. of Assessments & Taxation (SDAT)
Tax authority
Comptroller of Maryland
Licensing & permits
Maryland Dept. of Labor — Occupational & Professional Licensing
Economic development
Maryland Department of Commerce
Corp tax 8.25%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
MA

Massachusetts

Northeast
Business registry
Secretary of the Commonwealth — Corporations Division
Tax authority
Massachusetts Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Division of Occupational Licensure
Economic development
Massachusetts Executive Office of Economic Development
Corp tax 8%Sales tax 6.25%LLC fee $500
Official state portal
MI

Michigan

Midwest
Business registry
LARA — Corporations, Securities & Commercial Licensing
Tax authority
Michigan Department of Treasury
Licensing & permits
LARA — Bureau of Professional Licensing
Economic development
Michigan Economic Development Corporation
Corp tax 6%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $50
Official state portal
MN

Minnesota

Midwest
Business registry
Minnesota Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
Minnesota Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Minnesota Dept. of Labor & Industry / boards
Economic development
Minnesota DEED
Corp tax 9.8%Sales tax 6.875%LLC fee $155
Official state portal
MS

Mississippi

South
Business registry
Mississippi Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
Mississippi Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Mississippi state licensing boards
Economic development
Mississippi Development Authority
Corp tax 5%Sales tax 7%LLC fee $50
Official state portal
MO

Missouri

Midwest
Business registry
Missouri Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
Missouri Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Division of Professional Registration
Economic development
Missouri Department of Economic Development
Corp tax 4%Sales tax 4.225%LLC fee $50
Official state portal
MT

Montana

West
Business registry
Montana Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
Montana Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Dept. of Labor & Industry — Business Standards
Economic development
Montana Dept. of Commerce
Corp tax 6.75%Sales tax 0%LLC fee $35
Official state portal
NE

Nebraska

Midwest
Business registry
Nebraska Secretary of State — Corporate & Business
Tax authority
Nebraska Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Nebraska DHHS Licensure / boards
Economic development
Nebraska Department of Economic Development
Corp tax 5.84%Sales tax 5.5%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
NV

Nevada

West
Business registry
Nevada Secretary of State — SilverFlume
Tax authority
Nevada Department of Taxation
Licensing & permits
Nevada State Business License / boards
Economic development
Governor's Office of Economic Development
Corp tax 0%Sales tax 6.85%LLC fee $425
Official state portal
NH

New Hampshire

Northeast
Business registry
NH Secretary of State — Corporation Division
Tax authority
NH Department of Revenue Administration
Licensing & permits
Office of Professional Licensure & Certification
Economic development
NH Division of Economic Development
Corp tax 7.5%Sales tax 0%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
NJ

New Jersey

Northeast
Business registry
NJ Division of Revenue & Enterprise Services
Tax authority
NJ Division of Taxation
Licensing & permits
NJ Division of Consumer Affairs
Economic development
New Jersey Economic Development Authority
Corp tax 9%Sales tax 6.625%LLC fee $125
Official state portal
NM

New Mexico

West
Business registry
NM Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
NM Taxation & Revenue Department
Licensing & permits
NM Regulation & Licensing Department
Economic development
New Mexico Economic Development Department
Corp tax 5.9%Sales tax 4.875%LLC fee $50
Official state portal
NY

New York

Northeast
Business registry
NY Dept. of State — Division of Corporations
Tax authority
NY Dept. of Taxation & Finance
Licensing & permits
NY Dept. of State — Division of Licensing Services
Economic development
Empire State Development
Corp tax 7.25%Sales tax 4%LLC fee $200
Official state portal
NC

North Carolina

South
Business registry
NC Secretary of State — Business Registration
Tax authority
NC Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
NC occupational licensing boards
Economic development
Economic Development Partnership of NC
Corp tax 2.5%Sales tax 4.75%LLC fee $125
Official state portal
ND

North Dakota

Midwest
Business registry
ND Secretary of State — Business Registrations
Tax authority
ND Office of State Tax Commissioner
Licensing & permits
ND licensing boards
Economic development
ND Department of Commerce
Corp tax 4.31%Sales tax 5%LLC fee $135
Official state portal
OH

Ohio

Midwest
Business registry
Ohio Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
Ohio Department of Taxation
Licensing & permits
Ohio eLicense / professional boards
Economic development
JobsOhio / Ohio Dept. of Development
Corp tax 0%Sales tax 5.75%LLC fee $99
Official state portal
OK

Oklahoma

South
Business registry
Oklahoma Secretary of State — Business Filing
Tax authority
Oklahoma Tax Commission
Licensing & permits
Oklahoma licensing boards
Economic development
Oklahoma Department of Commerce
Corp tax 4%Sales tax 4.5%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
OR

Oregon

West
Business registry
Oregon Secretary of State — Corporation Division
Tax authority
Oregon Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Oregon Business Xpress License Directory
Economic development
Business Oregon
Corp tax 7.6%Sales tax 0%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
PA

Pennsylvania

Northeast
Business registry
PA Department of State — Bureau of Corporations
Tax authority
PA Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
PA Bureau of Professional & Occupational Affairs
Economic development
PA Dept. of Community & Economic Development
Corp tax 8.49%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $125
Official state portal
RI

Rhode Island

Northeast
Business registry
RI Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
RI Division of Taxation
Licensing & permits
RI Department of Business Regulation
Economic development
RI Commerce Corporation
Corp tax 7%Sales tax 7%LLC fee $150
Official state portal
SC

South Carolina

South
Business registry
SC Secretary of State — Business Filings
Tax authority
SC Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
SC Dept. of Labor, Licensing & Regulation
Economic development
SC Department of Commerce
Corp tax 5%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $110
Official state portal
SD

South Dakota

Midwest
Business registry
SD Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
SD Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
SD Dept. of Labor & Regulation
Economic development
SD Governor's Office of Economic Development
Corp tax 0%Sales tax 4.2%LLC fee $150
Official state portal
TN

Tennessee

South
Business registry
TN Secretary of State — Business Services
Tax authority
TN Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
TN Dept. of Commerce & Insurance — Regulatory Boards
Economic development
TN Dept. of Economic & Community Development
Corp tax 6.5%Sales tax 7%LLC fee $300
Official state portal
TX

Texas

South
Business registry
Texas Secretary of State — SOSDirect
Tax authority
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
Licensing & permits
TX Dept. of Licensing & Regulation
Economic development
Texas Economic Development & Tourism
Corp tax 0%Sales tax 6.25%LLC fee $300
Official state portal
UT

Utah

West
Business registry
Utah Division of Corporations & Commercial Code
Tax authority
Utah State Tax Commission
Licensing & permits
Utah Division of Professional Licensing
Economic development
Utah Governor's Office of Economic Opportunity
Corp tax 4.55%Sales tax 6.1%LLC fee $54
Official state portal
VT

Vermont

Northeast
Business registry
VT Secretary of State — Corporations Division
Tax authority
Vermont Department of Taxes
Licensing & permits
VT Office of Professional Regulation
Economic development
Vermont Agency of Commerce & Community Development
Corp tax 8.5%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $125
Official state portal
VA

Virginia

South
Business registry
Virginia State Corporation Commission
Tax authority
Virginia Department of Taxation
Licensing & permits
Dept. of Professional & Occupational Regulation
Economic development
Virginia Economic Development Partnership
Corp tax 6%Sales tax 5.3%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
WA

Washington

West
Business registry
WA Secretary of State — Corporations & Charities
Tax authority
Washington Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
WA Dept. of Licensing / Business Licensing Service
Economic development
WA Dept. of Commerce
Corp tax 0%Sales tax 6.5%LLC fee $200
Official state portal
WV

West Virginia

South
Business registry
WV Secretary of State — Business & Licensing
Tax authority
WV Tax Division
Licensing & permits
WV professional licensing boards
Economic development
WV Department of Economic Development
Corp tax 6.5%Sales tax 6%LLC fee $100
Official state portal
WI

Wisconsin

Midwest
Business registry
WI Dept. of Financial Institutions — Corporations
Tax authority
Wisconsin Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
WI Dept. of Safety & Professional Services
Economic development
Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation
Corp tax 7.9%Sales tax 5%LLC fee $130
Official state portal
WY

Wyoming

West
Business registry
Wyoming Secretary of State — Business Division
Tax authority
Wyoming Department of Revenue
Licensing & permits
Wyoming professional licensing boards
Economic development
Wyoming Business Council
Corp tax 0%Sales tax 4%LLC fee $100
Official state portal

Tax rates and filing fees are indicative reference figures for screening and change with state legislation. Always confirm the current values with the linked official source before making a filing or investment decision.